01
Xin Ning, Jingyan Qi, Chunlin Wu,
A quantitative safety risk assessment model for construction site layout planning,
Safety Science,
Volume 104,
2018,
Pages 246-259,
ISSN 0925-7535,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2018.01.016.
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925753517313218)
Abstract: A good site layout is necessary to provide a safe construction site environment. Previous studies treated construction site layout planning as an optimization problem to achieve high safety performance. However, the optimization problem does not contain holistic risk factor analysis. Risk factors such as the dangers of falling objects, noise pollution and hazardous chemicals tend to be neglected. Moreover, when site managers face different site layout scenarios, no safety risk assessment models are currently available to help them make decisions. Therefore, this paper aims to develop a quantitative safety risk assessment model, including factor identification and classification, factor analysis, and assessment function development, to help site managers evaluate different site layout scenarios more accurately and holistically. In factor identification and classification, the interaction flows between facilities are initially considered as risk factors. Safety/environmental concerns which were not deeply probed into by previous studies are also considered. For the above two risk factor categories, safety risk assessment functions are developed according to the likelihood of accident occurrence and the linear attenuation law respectively. Finally, a case study is used to verify the proposed model. This study interprets how to implement site safety management by means of site facility layout improvement. It enriches occupational safety research by providing a systematic model for assessing site layout plans in a quantitative and more valid manner. The findings help conduct effective site safety management by proper facilities displacement during the preconstruction stage and in turn guarantee construction safety in later stages.
Keywords: Construction site layout planning; Safety risk assessment model; Risk factor identification; Risk factor classification; Risk factor analysis; Case study
02
Saeed Reza Mohandes, Xueqing Zhang,
Towards the development of a comprehensive hybrid fuzzy-based occupational risk assessment model for construction workers,
Safety Science,
Volume 115,
2019,
Pages 294-309,
ISSN 0925-7535,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2019.02.018.
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925753518308798)
Abstract: Although some studies have focused on assessing the related risks to the workers involved in the construction activities, the developed models hitherto are tangled with some shortfalls, including unstructured ways of risks identification, low consistency and accuracy of the used analysis methods, and paucity of prudent evaluation strategies. These shortcomings lead to taking imprudent and inappropriate mitigative actions. As such, a Comprehensive Hybrid Fuzzy-based Occupational Risk Assessment Model (CHFORAM) is developed in this paper to systematically identify, analyze, and evaluate the risks to which the construction workers are exposed. The application of the developed CHFORAM to a real-life case study was observed to have the following contributions: obtaining a detailed list of critical risks posing danger to the workers in a stepwise manner, obviating the need for having statistical data associated with incompletion and uncertainty, analyzing the identified risks with improved consistency and accuracy, proposing the effective treatment strategies to deal with the risks, and providing future plans for dealing with the risks at post-treatment stage. The application of CHFORAM to any projects can guide the safety inspectors and managers in taking the further jauntier mitigative actions, leading to the improvement in safety and health of the involved workers.
Keywords: Construction workers risks assessment; Interval-valued triangular fuzzy numbers; Delphi technique; Multi-criteria decision-making method; Fuzzy best worst method; Risk decision matrix
03
Mohammad Tanvi Newaz, Mahmoud Ershadi, Luke Carothers, Marcus Jefferies, Peter Davis,
A review and assessment of technologies for addressing the risk of falling from height on construction sites,
Safety Science,
Volume 147,
2022,
105618,
ISSN 0925-7535,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2021.105618.
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925753521004586)
Abstract: Falling from height (FFH) is blamed for causing significant injuries and deaths on construction sites. Previous research has outlined a broad range of technological advances facilitating the management of the FFH safety risk. However, the extant literature lacks a comprehensive assessment to investigate the contribution of various FFH technologies, as well as their implementation feasibility on construction sites, which provides rationale for this study. The study aims to assess recent safety technologies which can be used to control the risk of FFH on construction sites, especially in urban building construction projects. A scoping review was conducted to identify such technologies and provide insight into their application in the construction industry. As a result of searching Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases between 2010 and 2021, a total of 86 representative studies were selected and reviewed. Following this stage, an assessment of their feasibility was carried out based on a set of criteria from the literature. A total of 7 FFH technologies were identified, characterising the contribution of recent technologies to the prediction, prevention, and mitigation of FFH risks. These technologies include (1) Safety risk assessment and propagation, (2) real-time sensing and monitoring, (3) automated prevention through design, (4) ontology and knowledge modelling, (5) virtual reality for FFH training, (6) personal fall arrest systems, and (7) collective fall protection systems. This research contributes to an improved understanding of the status of FFH technologies. The feasibility assessment provides insight into suitable technologies for construction projects of various sizes and features.
Keywords: Falling from height; Safety technology; Construction industry; Feasibility assessment
04
Jian-Lan Zhou, Ze-Hua Bai, Zhi-Yu Sun,
A hybrid approach for safety assessment in high-risk hydropower-construction-project work systems,
Safety Science,
Volume 64,
2014,
Pages 163-172,
ISSN 0925-7535,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2013.12.008.
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925753513003147)
Abstract: The interactive relationships among human factors involved in large-scale hydropower-construction-project management are analyzed and assessed by the data associated with 186 cases of related accident. Many studies have been conducted on human factors influence on construction accidents. The human factor analysis and classification system (HFACS) is developed to establish a rational and applicable index system for investigating human error in accidents. Also, currently the lambda test is used for the correlation analysis of factors; while the factors are assessed by the methods of the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) and the analytic network process (ANP). We extend the HFACS to evaluate the faulty behavioral risk value in this work. The degrees of interaction between independent factors that involved the data used for constructing the direct-relation matrix in DEMATEL are analyzed via the lambda correlation measurement method. The causal graph and calculate results obtained by DEMATEL shows that “safety supervision and inspection” and “organization and responsibility” are the most important factors. Moreover, the empirical study shows that the hybrid method is more suitable and effective than the traditional ANP method. The evaluation model incorporating DEMATEL and ANP takes into account the interaction between factors and their self-feedback, which are more suitable than the traditional method to solve problems with different degrees of effects among clusters. The weights of construction accident factors calculated by the ANP model and the causal graph derived from DEMATEL method both provide suggestions for safety management in the high-risk work systems of several large hydropower-construction projects.
Keywords: Safety assessment; Work system; Human factors; Hybrid approach; Hydropower-construction project
05
Muizz O. Sanni-Anibire, Abubakar S. Mahmoud, Mohammad A. Hassanain, Babatunde A. Salami,
A risk assessment approach for enhancing construction safety performance,
Safety Science,
Volume 121,
2020,
Pages 15-29,
ISSN 0925-7535,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2019.08.044.
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S092575351731559X)
Abstract: The construction industry is one of the most dangerous industries worldwide due to deadly fatalities and accidents recorded yearly. Though many countries have established and implemented safety programs, the situation does not seem to have been mitigated. This study aims at developing a risk assessment approach that can be used to enhance the safety performance of construction projects. The study has employed pair-wise comparisons and weighting-by-ranking surveys to establish risk scores and weights for the various construction accidents, and their potential causes. Data has been collected from safety professionals in 15 large construction sites across the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. The study revealed that the type of accident with the highest risk score is “falling objects”, while the most significant cause is excessive winds on the project site. The developed approach was applied on an on-going car park construction project. Results showed that slips, trips and falls had the best safety performance. Furthermore, based on six sigma evaluation, the average project safety performance was at 2.33-sigma which implies that 228,739 accidents may occur in every million opportunities. The paper also provided recommendations to improve the safety performance of the case study.
Keywords: Construction; Safety performance; Risk assessment; Six sigma
06
François Gauthier, Yuvin Chinniah, Damien Burlet-Vienney, Barthélemy Aucourt, Stéphane Larouche,
Risk assessment in safety of machinery: Impact of construction flaws in risk estimation parameters,
Safety Science,
Volume 109,
2018,
Pages 421-433,
ISSN 0925-7535,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2018.06.024.
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S092575351830256X)
Abstract: In the risk assessment approach as defined in the International Standard ISO 12100: 2010, risk estimation is an essential step that allows machinery designers and users to determine the level of risk, and to identify the most critical hazardous situations. Previous studies demonstrated that the numerous qualitative tools proposed to estimate risks in safety of machinery take several forms, and that many of their features can significantly influence the level of risk obtained. In this study, the impact of some of these features was assessed, and construction rules regarding the parameters used in risk estimation tools were validated through an experimental study involving several users mainly from the industry. Five potential construction flaws of the risk estimation parameters were analyzed. The experimental results show that when the users perceive a certain challenge in the utilization of a risk estimation parameter, they are usually able to associate it with the presence of the flaw affecting the parameter. The results also demonstrate quite clearly that the impact of the construction flaws in the parameters is not uniform. In addition to the presence of the flaws within these parameters, the results obtained suggest that the assessment of the probability of harm is a problematic aspect of the risk estimation process in safety of machinery that requires further research. These results could contribute to the improvement of the robustness and the reliability of the existing tools, and help to support the training actually given by the partners in the risk assessment field.
Keywords: Risk assessment; Risk estimation tools; Safety of machinery
07
Francisco J. Forteza, Albert Sesé, José M. Carretero-Gómez,
CONSRAT. Construction sites risk assessment tool,
Safety Science,
Volume 89,
2016,
Pages 338-354,
ISSN 0925-7535,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2016.07.012.
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925753516301461)
Abstract: One peculiarity of the construction sector is that each construction site represents a unique workplace. The specific characteristics of the site affect risk generation and its evolution. However, available risk assessment tools do not capture the specificities of construction sites that may affect risk, because they only focus on assessing identified risks from a predefined hierarchy of events. This paper proposes a new “site risk” concept that is defined as the risk associated to the whole construction site that is generated by having together different elements which individually affect risk. Potential risk synergies may exist and they only can be captured adopting the construction site as unit of analysis. In doing so, a new CONstruction Site Risk Assessment Tool (CONSRAT) is presented. This is done considering also both organizational structure and resources jointly with material conditions. The tool was used to assess 150 construction sites in order to obtain convergent and internal validity evidences. Another validated tool was used as external criterion: the Qualitative Occupational Safety Risk Assessment Model (QRAM). Results provide adequate validity evidences for both the internal structure and the expected relationships with the external criterion. CONSRAT design and complete instructions for its use are described. As a unique contribution, CONSRAT adopts a new site risk approach to assess the main live conditions, complexity factors and organizational structure characteristics which are related to construction site risk.
Keywords: Construction sector; Safety risk assessment; Site risk; Organizational conditions
08
Abel Pinto,
QRAM a Qualitative Occupational Safety Risk Assessment Model for the construction industry that incorporate uncertainties by the use of fuzzy sets,
Safety Science,
Volume 63,
2014,
Pages 57-76,
ISSN 0925-7535,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2013.10.019.
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S092575351300252X)
Abstract: Occupational safety risk assessment is the core of safety practices. Is a complex process that requires the consideration of sundry parameters, which are often difficult to quantify. This paper presents the new developed fuzzy QRAM model, which intends to support construction companies in carrying out their responsibilities to reduce occupational safety risks. The innovative aspects of QRAM model is to embody assess of the safety climate and the safety barriers effectiveness as assessment dimensions and the use of fuzzy sets theory to enhance the use of imprecise and incomplete information, elicited by linguistic variables. The QRAM model was designed based on the best academic and empirical knowledge about safety risks on construction industry, biomechanical data and laws of physics, chemistry and engineering. The lack of credible and accurate data, resulting from the in-depth investigation of work accidents in construction industry was the greatest difficulty in carry-out this work. QRAM was, firstly evaluated by “peer” review, with 12 safety experts from Brazil (2), Bulgaria (1), Greece (3), Turkey (3) and Portugal (3) and, then, appraised by comparing QRAM with 2 other occupational safety risk assessment techniques. The safety experts evaluators concluded that: (a) QRAM is a versatile tool to assess occupational safety risk assessment on construction sites; (b) the specific checklists for knowledge elicitation are a good aid and enhance the process objectivity, and (c) the use of linguistic variables is a better way to rate the risk factors thus to render the risk assessment process more objective and reliable.
Keywords: Qualitative risk assessment; Construction industry; Occupational safety; Fuzzy sets; Qualitative model
09
Yahia Halabi, Hu Xu, Danbing Long, Yuhang Chen, Zhixiang Yu, Fares Alhaek, Wael Alhaddad,
Causal factors and risk assessment of fall accidents in the U.S. construction industry: A comprehensive data analysis (2000–2020),
Safety Science,
Volume 146,
2022,
105537,
ISSN 0925-7535,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2021.105537.
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925753521003805)
Abstract: This study delves into investigating the leading factors of occurring 23,057 fall accidents in the United States construction industry over 20 years (1/2000–8/2020) recorded in the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) database. Additionally, the contributions are elicited in terms of diverse dimensions of fall accident, such as project type, construction end-use, work activity, worker's occupation and age, fall location and height, accident time, injury degree, and fall protection. The data is analysed using frequency analysis to obtain the trends of fall accidents, correlation analysis between the accident factors and the injury degree, and logistic regression analysis to establish a prediction model that can diagnose fatal and nonfatal accidents. The results emphasized that the proportion of fall accidents increased substantially, and there was egregious evidence that the usage of fall protection has no considerable improvement. Besides, most of the fall accidents were (1) from heights<9.15 m, (2) among the roofers, (3) occurring on new commercial buildings and residential projects with low cost, (4) during the time intervals 10:00–12:00 and 13:00–15:00, (5) among older workers which alert that the experience might not be enough to diminish the accident. The correlation analysis revealed the fall factors that were significantly associated with the injury degree. Subsequently, a logistic regression model was done to predict the injury outcome (fatal/nonfatal). It was found that the prediction model could correctly diagnose the injury degree outcome by 77.7% depending on the selected predictors of the fall accident. Furthermore, the odds of reporting fatal or nonfatal accidents from the prominent factors of fall were calculated, enhancing the risk assessment to avoid the implications of falls. This study might encourage the safety managers to apply proactive and preparedness procedures for reducing fall accidents and prioritize risks according to the likelihood of fall risk and injury characteristics by applying appropriate safety regulations.
Keywords: Fall accidents; Accident prevention; Trends analysis; Logistic regression; Project management; Safety monitoring; Risk assessment
10
Hongmei Liu, Guiliang Tian,
Building engineering safety risk assessment and early warning mechanism construction based on distributed machine learning algorithm,
Safety Science,
Volume 120,
2019,
Pages 764-771,
ISSN 0925-7535,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2019.08.022.
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925753519312287)
Abstract: Cloud computing has become a hot topic in the industry and academic circles. Large-scale data processing is realized by centralizing system management of network resources, computing resources, and storage resources. Among them, the distributed computing platform greatly improves the productivity of programmers by abstracting the implementation details of distributed computing, and is widely used in building safety assessment. In this study, the construction safety evaluation index system was established for the construction site of common accidents, and the index weight was determined by the analytic hierarchy process. For the safety index evaluation task, an early warning mechanism based on distributed computing and extension theory to build cloud security management is established, which saves the overall calculation time and quantitatively evaluates the security status of the construction site. Finally, the method is verified by engineering examples, and the results show that the method is practical and effective. The method is convenient for computer programming, easy to operate and implement, and has strong applicability. Based on distributed computing and extended cloud model, not only can the overall state of construction safety be judged, but also potential security problems can be identified based on information feedback. The objective existence of hazards in the construction process can be grasped, which has important guiding significance for the construction process.
Keywords: Distributed computation; Extension cloud theory; Engineering Safety risk control; Evaluation and early warning model
11
Saud Al-Anbari, A. Khalina, Ali Alnuaimi, A. Normariah, A. Yahya,
Risk assessment of safety and health (RASH) for building construction,
Process Safety and Environmental Protection,
Volume 94,
2015,
Pages 149-158,
ISSN 0957-5820,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2015.01.009.
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0957582015000105)
Abstract: In this research Risk Assessment of Safety and Health RASH method for building construction has been developed with risks classified into Safety Risks and Health Risks. 11 factors representing safety risks and 8 factors representing health risks were identified based on field survey in Oman. 40 Safety and Health specialists were involved in carrying out risk assessment using the existing method of risk analysis RA and the proposed RASH method. It was found that RASH method resulted in superior accuracy for assessment of risk zones than the existing RA method. The accuracy by RASH was almost twice the accuracy by RA. The overall percentages of the correct answers for the four scenarios using the RASH method and the RA method were 72.5 percent and 40 percent respectively. The proposed RASH method gave fewer errors than the existing RA method for all scenarios. Two scenarios were found to be the most problematic ones with largest overestimation of risks occur when using the existing RA method. Wilcoxon Ranked Test showed that the two methods are significantly different (z=−3.357, p>0.01). The new method RASH is statistically acceptable and it resulted in better response in terms of estimating the risk than the RA method.
Keywords: Occupational; Safety; Health; Risk Assessment; Oman; Construction
12
Saman Aminbakhsh, Murat Gunduz, Rifat Sonmez,
Safety risk assessment using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) during planning and budgeting of construction projects,
Journal of Safety Research,
Volume 46,
2013,
Pages 99-105,
ISSN 0022-4375,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2013.05.003.
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022437513000479)
Abstract: Introduction
The inherent and unique risks on construction projects quite often present key challenges to contractors. Health and safety risks are among the most significant risks in construction projects since the construction industry is characterized by a relatively high injury and death rate compared to other industries. In construction project management, safety risk assessment is an important step toward identifying potential hazards and evaluating the risks associated with the hazards. Adequate prioritization of safety risks during risk assessment is crucial for planning, budgeting, and management of safety related risks.
Method
In this paper, a safety risk assessment framework is presented based on the theory of cost of safety (COS) model and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The main contribution of the proposed framework is that it presents a robust method for prioritization of safety risks in construction projects to create a rational budget and to set realistic goals without compromising safety.
The impact to the industry
The framework provides a decision tool for the decision makers to determine the adequate accident/injury prevention investments while considering the funding limits. The proposed safety risk framework is illustrated using a real-life construction project and the advantages and limitations of the framework are discussed.
Keywords: Occupational health and safety; Analytic hierarchy process; Risk assessment; Finance; Prioritization
13
Hongyan Yan, Ce Gao, Hazem Elzarka, Kareem Mostafa, Wenbin Tang,
Risk assessment for construction of urban rail transit projects,
Safety Science,
Volume 118,
2019,
Pages 583-594,
ISSN 0925-7535,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2019.05.042.
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925753518313444)
Abstract: Taken all factors into consideration regarding the uncertainties of urban rail transit projects construction and incompatibility of the assessment conclusion, this paper proposes a vague fuzzy matter-element model for the risk assessment by combining vague set and matter-element theory. The risk assessment index system is based on a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) – Risk Breakdown Structure (RBS) risk identification matrix. Risk assessment indicators are features of the matter, and values of risk indicators are vague values; Correlation transformation is operated on optimal subordinate degree, and the weights of risk assessment indicators were defined by structure entropy weight method. The level of the risk matter evaluated was then determined, according to the principle of maximum proximity. At last, the practicability and effectiveness of the proposed model was verified by a case study.
Keywords: Urban rail transit projects; Construction Risk Assessment; Vague Set; Fuzzy Matter-Element; Structure Entropy Weight
14
He Huang, Hao Hu, Feng Xu, Zhipeng Zhang, Yu Tao,
Skeleton-based automatic assessment and prediction of intrusion risk in construction hazardous areas,
Safety Science,
Volume 164,
2023,
106150,
ISSN 0925-7535,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2023.106150.
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925753523000929)
Abstract: Intrusion behavior in hazardous areas is one of the major causes of construction safety accidents including falls from height, strikes by objects, etc. Implementing automatic and precise assessment of intrusions to enhance safety performance is of great importance in construction areas. Due to the large area of construction sites and diverse human behaviors, it is difficult to accurately predict worker behavior, resulting in many intrusions detected after the occurrence. Notably, computer vision-based skeleton extraction can provide a promising non-contact solution for assessing intrusions. This paper presents a novel intrusion behavior detection and evaluation approach by defining a safety buffer zone and using two key quantitative elements, i.e. the motion state and orientation posture of intruders. An indoor experiment was conducted by employing skeleton detection technology with safety knowledge to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the assessment method. The participants’ risk levels were evaluated separately and simultaneously based on the motion and posture. The risk level was compared based on various evaluated methods and the ground truth. The results show that a satisfying accuracy of intrusion assessment can be achieved at different risk levels. Appropriate warning and intervention methods can be implemented to mitigate the occurrence or reduce the severity of intrusions and thus reduce safety accidents with the use of the proposed method.
Keywords: Construction safety; Intrusion behavior; Buffer zone; Orientation posture; Skeleton detection; Risk assessment
15
G. Emre Gurcanli, Senem Bilir, Merve Sevim,
Activity based risk assessment and safety cost estimation for residential building construction projects,
Safety Science,
Volume 80,
2015,
Pages 1-12,
ISSN 0925-7535,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2015.07.002.
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925753515001666)
Abstract: Fatal construction accidents are major problem in Turkish construction industry. Although new comprehensive legislation has been inured recently; level of consciousness in the industry is unsatisfactory and safety is perceived as an extra cost. Small or middle scaled residential projects have a big share in the industry and majority of the fatal accidents usually occur on such work sites. Focus of this study is small and middle-scaled residential construction sites. Drawings, technical specifications, bill of quantities of 25 concrete residential buildings with total areas that vary between 230 and 118,200m2 in Istanbul were examined. Site visits and information gathering were performed from site engineers. This study aims to give an approach for safety cost estimation for the early stages of construction bidding phase using risk assessment activities and construction project scheduling by focusing on construction activities. Additionally, a cost analysis was performed and the results were compared and analyzed with a former project that focused on 30 concrete residential projects in Istanbul. Primavera P6 was utilized for scheduling, and risk assessment was conducted using the techniques applicable for construction projects (i.e., L matrix and Fine-Kinney). Finally, activity-based techniques were used for cost estimation. The results of this study reveal that the percentage of safety cost to the total construction cost is 1.92%. Also, to comply with the current legislation and minimize risks; 0.85 USD per man-hour should be spent according to 2013 rates and safety cost per unit area was found as approximately 5.68 USD.
Keywords: Risk assessment; Safety cost; Scheduling; Construction industry; Logarithmic regression
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